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The Boston Tea Party was a political protestation that occurred on Dec 16, 1773, at Griffin's Wharf in Boston, Massachusetts. American colonists, frustrated and angry at Britain for imposing "taxation without representation," dumped 342 chests of tea, imported by the British E India Company into the harbor. The result was the beginning major act of defiance to British rule over the colonists. It showed Great Britain that Americans wouldn't accept tax and tyranny sitting down, and rallied American patriots across the 13 colonies to fight for independence.

Why Did the Boston Tea Political party Happen?

In the 1760s, Britain was deep in debt, so British Parliament imposed a series of taxes on American colonists to help pay those debts.

The Stamp Act of 1765 taxed colonists on nigh every piece of printed newspaper they used, from playing cards and business licenses to newspapers and legal documents. The Townshend Acts of 1767 went a step further, taxing essentials such as paint, paper, glass, pb and tea.

The British government felt the taxes were fair since much of its debt was earned fighting wars on the colonists' behalf. The colonists, however, disagreed. They were furious at beingness taxed without having any representation in Parliament, and felt it was wrong for Uk to impose taxes on them to gain revenue.

READ MORE: 7 Events That Enraged Colonists and Led to the American Revolution

Boston Massacre Enrages Colonists

On March five, 1770, a street ball happened in Boston between American colonists and British soldiers.

Afterwards known as the Boston Massacre, the fight began later an unruly group of colonists—frustrated with the presence of British soldiers in their streets—flung snowballs, water ice and oyster shells at a British picket guarding the Boston Customs House.

Reinforcements arrived and opened fire on the mob, killing five colonists and wounding half dozen. The Boston Massacre and its fallout further incited the colonists' rage towards Britain.

Tea Act Imposed

Britain eventually repealed the taxes information technology had imposed on the colonists except the tea tax. It wasn't near to give up taxation revenue on the nearly 1.2 million pounds of tea the colonists drank each year.

In protest, the colonists boycotted tea sold by British East Republic of india Company and smuggled in Dutch tea, leaving British East India Company with millions of pounds of surplus tea and facing bankruptcy.

In May 1773, British Parliament passed the Tea Human action which allowed British Due east Bharat Company to sell tea to the colonies duty-free and much cheaper than other tea companies – but still taxation the tea when it reached colonial ports.

Tea smuggling in the colonies increased, although the cost of the smuggled tea soon surpassed that of tea from British Eastward India Company with the added tea tax.

Still, with the help of prominent tea smugglers such as John Hancock and Samuel Adams —who protested revenue enhancement without representation but also wanted to protect their tea smuggling operations—colonists continued to rail against the tea tax and Britain's control over their interests.

Sons of Freedom

The Sons of Liberty were a group of colonial merchants and tradesmen founded to protestation the Stamp Act and other forms of taxation. The grouping of revolutionists included prominent patriots such as Benedict Arnold, Patrick Henry and Paul Revere, equally well as Adams and Hancock.

Led by Adams, the Sons of Freedom held meetings rallying against British Parliament and protested the Griffin's Wharf arrival of Dartmouth, a British East India Company ship conveying tea. By Dec 16, 1773, Dartmouth had been joined by her sister ships, Beaver and Eleanor; all three ships loaded with tea from China.

That morn, as thousands of colonists convened at the wharf and its surrounding streets, a meeting was held at the Old Due south Meeting House where a large group of colonists voted to decline to pay taxes on the tea or allow the tea to be unloaded, stored, sold or used. (Ironically, the ships were congenital in America and owned by Americans.)

Governor Thomas Hutchison refused to allow the ships to render to Britain and ordered the tea tariff be paid and the tea unloaded. The colonists refused, and Hutchison never offered a satisfactory compromise.

READ MORE: Who Were the Sons of Freedom?

What Happened at the Boston Tea Party?

That nighttime, a large grouping of men – many reportedly members of the Sons of Liberty – bearded themselves in Native American garb, boarded the docked ships and threw 342 chests of tea into the water.

Said participant George Hewes, "Nosotros then were ordered by our commander to open the hatches and take out all the chests of tea and throw them overboard, and we immediately proceeded to execute his orders, first cutting and splitting the chests with our tomahawks, then as thoroughly to expose them to the effects of the water."

Hewes too noted that "We were surrounded by British armed ships, but no endeavour was made to resist the states."

Boston Tea Party Backwash

While some important colonist leaders such equally John Adams were thrilled to learn Boston Harbor was covered in tea leaves, others were not.

In June of 1774, George Washington wrote: "the cause of Boston…ever will be considered as the cause of America." But his personal views of the event were far dissimilar. He voiced strong disapproval of "their conduct in destroying the Tea" and claimed Bostonians "were mad." Washington, similar many other elites, held private property to be sacrosanct.

Benjamin Franklin insisted the British Eastward India Visitor be reimbursed for the lost tea and even offered to pay for it himself.

No one was hurt, and aside from the devastation of the tea and a padlock, no property was damaged or looted during the Boston Tea Party. The participants reportedly swept the ships' decks clean earlier they left.

Who Organized the Boston Tea Party?

Though led by Samuel Adams and his Sons of Liberty and organized past John Hancock, the names of many of those involved in the Boston Tea Political party remain unknown. Cheers to their Native American costumes, but one of the tea political party culprits, Francis Akeley, was arrested and imprisoned.

Fifty-fifty after American independence, participants refused to reveal their identities, fearing they could still face civil and criminal charges besides as condemnation from elites for the destruction of individual property. Nigh participants in the Boston Tea Party were under the age of twoscore and xvi of them were teenagers.

Coercive Acts

Only despite the lack of violence, the Boston Tea Party didn't go unanswered past King George Iii and British Parliament.

In retribution, they passed the Coercive Acts (afterward known as the Intolerable Acts) which:

closed Boston Harbor until the tea lost in the Boston Tea Party was paid for
concluded the Massachusetts Constitution and concluded free elections of town officials
moved judicial say-so to United kingdom and British judges, basically creating martial law in Massachusetts
required colonists to quarter British troops on demand
extended liberty of worship to French-Canadian Catholics under British rule, which angered the mostly Protestant colonists

Britain hoped the Coercive Acts would squelch rebellion in New England and keep the remaining colonies from uniting, but the opposite happened: All the colonies viewed the castigating laws as further bear witness of Britain's tyranny and rallied to Massachusetts' help, sending supplies and plotting further resistance.

Second Boston Tea Party

A 2d Boston Tea Party took place in March 1774, when around 60 Bostonians boarded the transport Fortune and dumped nearly 30 chests of tea into the harbor.

The issue didn't earn nearly equally much notoriety equally the first Boston Tea Party, merely information technology did encourage other tea-dumping demonstrations in Maryland, New York and Due south Carolina.

First Continental Congress Is Convened

Many colonists felt Britain'due south Coercive Acts went too far. On September five, 1774, elected delegates from all xiii American colonies except Georgia met in Carpenter'south Hall in Philadelphia for the Starting time Continental Congress to figure out how to resist British oppression.

The delegates were divided on how to motion frontward but the Boston Tea Party had united them in their fervor to gain independence. Past the time they adjourned in October 1774, they'd written The Announcement and Resolves which:

censured Britain for passing the Coercive Acts and called for their repeal
established a boycott of British goods
alleged the colonies had the correct to govern independently
rallied colonists to form and train a colonial militia

Britain didn't capitulate and within months, the "shot heard round the world," rang out in Concur, Massachusetts, sparking the start of the American Revolutionary State of war.

Sources

A Tea Party Timeline: 1773-1775. Old South Meeting House.
The Boston Tea Party. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.
The Boston Tea Party. Massachusetts Historical Gild.
The Boston Tea Political party, 1773. EyewitnesstoHistory.com.
The Intolerable Acts. U.s.History.org.